1 Samuel 23
Study sheet, King James Version, with the original-language words this chapter turns on.
The text
1Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors.
2Therefore David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the LORD said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.
3And David's men said unto him, Behold, we be afraid here in Judah: how much more then if we come to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?
4Then David enquired of the LORD yet again. And the LORD answered him and said, Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thine hand.
5So David and his men went to Keilah, and fought with the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and smote them with a great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah.
6And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, that he came down with an ephod in his hand.
7And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.
8And Saul called all the people together to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men.
9And David knew that Saul secretly practised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod.
10Then said David, O LORD God of Israel, thy servant hath certainly heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake.
11Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? will Saul come down, as thy servant hath heard? O LORD God of Israel, I beseech thee, tell thy servant. And the LORD said, He will come down.
12Then said David, Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men into the hand of Saul? And the LORD said, They will deliver thee up.
13Then David and his men, which were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbare to go forth.
14And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand.
15And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood.
16And Jonathan Saul's son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God.
17And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth.
18And they two made a covenant before the LORD: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.
19Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself with us in strong holds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon?
20Now therefore, O king, come down according to all the desire of thy soul to come down; and our part shall be to deliver him into the king's hand.
21And Saul said, Blessed be ye of the LORD; for ye have compassion on me.
22Go, I pray you, prepare yet, and know and see his place where his haunt is, and who hath seen him there: for it is told me that he dealeth very subtilly.
23See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking places where he hideth himself, and come ye again to me with the certainty, and I will go with you: and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out throughout all the thousands of Judah.
24And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon.
25Saul also and his men went to seek him. And they told David: wherefore he came down into a rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.
26And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain: and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them.
27But there came a messenger unto Saul, saying, Haste thee, and come; for the Philistines have invaded the land.
28Wherefore Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went against the Philistines: therefore they called that place Selahammahlekoth.
29And David went up from thence, and dwelt in strong holds at Engedi.
Words in this chapter
Definitions are Strong's own wording from his Exhaustive Concordance (1890). Counts are how often each word appears in this chapter, from the tagged text.
- דָּוִדDâvidH173229× in this chapter
David, the youngest son of Jesse
- שָׁאוּלShâʼûwlH758623× in this chapter
Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
- אֵלʼêlH41318× in this chapter
near, with or among; often in general, to
- הָלַךְhâlakH198016× in this chapter
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
- אָמַרʼâmarH55916× in this chapter
to say (used with great latitude)
- קְעִילָהQᵉʻîylâhH708414× in this chapter
Keilah, a place in Palestine
- אֵתʼêthH85313× in this chapter
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
- כִּיkîyH358812× in this chapter
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
- יְהֹוָהYᵉhôvâhH306810× in this chapter
Jehovah, Jewish national name of God
- אֱנוֹשׁʼĕnôwshH58210× in this chapter
a man in general (singly or collectively)
- יָדyâdH30279× in this chapter
a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
- יָרַדyâradH33818× in this chapter
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)
- פְּלִשְׁתִּיPᵉlishtîyH64308× in this chapter
a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth
- יָשַׁבyâshabH34276× in this chapter
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
- מִדְבָּרmidbârH40576× in this chapter
a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
- הָיָהhâyâhH19615× in this chapter
to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
- כֹּלkôlH36055× in this chapter
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
- אֱלֹהִיםʼĕlôhîymH4305× in this chapter
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
- נָגַדnâgadH50465× in this chapter
properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise
- סָגַרçâgarH54625× in this chapter
to shut up; figuratively, to surrender
- עַלʻalH59215× in this chapter
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
- שָׁמַעshâmaʻH80855× in this chapter
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
- אֲשֶׁרʼăsherH8345× in this chapter
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
- בָּקַשׁbâqashH12454× in this chapter
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
- חֹרֶשׁchôreshH27934× in this chapter
a forest (perhaps as furnishing the material for fabric)
- יָדַעyâdaʻH30454× in this chapter
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)
- קוּםqûwmH69654× in this chapter
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
- רָאָהrâʼâhH72004× in this chapter
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
- בּוֹאbôwʼH9354× in this chapter
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- הַרharH20223× in this chapter
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
- זִיףZîyphH21283× in this chapter
Ziph, the name of a place in Palestine; also of an Israelite
- יָצָאyâtsâʼH33183× in this chapter
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
- יִשְׂרָאֵלYisrâʼêlH34783× in this chapter
Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- לֹאlôʼH38083× in this chapter
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
- מָעוֹןMâʻôwnH45843× in this chapter
Maon, the name of an Israelite and of a place in Palestine
- מְצַדmᵉtsadH46793× in this chapter
a fastness (as a covert of ambush)
- נָכָהnâkâhH52213× in this chapter
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
- עֶבֶדʻebedH56503× in this chapter
a servant
- פָּנִיםpânîymH64403× in this chapter
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
- שָׁםshâmH80333× in this chapter
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence